A neural network is a series of algorithms that attempt to recognize underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the way the human brain operates. Neural networks consist of layers of interconnected nodes or "neurons," where each connection has a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. Input data is processed through these layers, enabling the network to learn complex patterns and make predictions. There are various types of neural networks, including feedforward, convolutional, and recurrent networks, each tailored for specific tasks. Neural networks have gained prominence due to their success in a wide range of applications, including image recognition, natural language processing, and game playing.