The Z-transform is a mathematical transformation used primarily in the field of signal processing and control theory to analyze discrete-time signals. It converts a discrete-time signal into a complex frequency domain representation, allowing for the analysis of system behavior and stability. In the context of artificial intelligence, the Z-transform can be utilized in applications involving time series analysis, filtering, and system identification. By providing a framework to manipulate and analyze signals, the Z-transform aids in designing algorithms that require understanding of temporal dynamics, making it a valuable tool in the development of AI systems that interact with time-dependent data.